Une théorie relationnelle de l'individuation au prisme de la générativité : La reprise phénoménologique des concepts d'ontogenèse et phylogenèse chez le dernier Husserl

Abstract

The article examines the phenomenological transposition of the concept of ontogenesis in Husserl’s account of subjectivation. It is shown that the use of this concept invites us to place transcendental subjectivity under the sign of becoming, whereas the use of the notion of phylogenesis promotes a dynamic understanding of the intersubjective community, itself placed under the sign of historical becoming. The close association of these two concepts stemming from the life sciences thus produces an historicization of the individuals while also inscribing the processuality of their development in the history of their community and, more broadly, in the history of the community of all living beings. The first part of the paper focuses on procreation and birth as essential milestones of the historicity inscribed within living corporeality itself, a historicity whose consideration transforms the problem of genesis, initially posed at the individual level of the monad, into a problem of generativity, whose scope is immediately intermonadic or intersubjective. It is this reworking of genesis through the lens of generativity, prescribed by the association of the ontogenetic and phylogenetic perspectives, that the second part of the paper examines in order to show that it operates simultaneously at a bio-anthropological level and at a monadic or transcendental level. The result, as the last part of the paper shows, is a relational theory of individuation, within which the notion of inheritance plays a crucial role.